Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in India comprises approximately 40–60% organic waste. When left untreated or improperly managed, this organic fraction significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane—a potent climate pollutant. While composting has been the primary method for managing organic waste, the resulting compost is often underutilized due to weak market linkages and limited demand.

In contrast, Bio-CNG offers a promising alternative by converting segregated organic waste into a clean, renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuels in transportation and industry. This report explores the untapped potential of Bio-CNG generation from municipal organic waste, presenting an overview of current operational facilities, their challenges, and the necessary prerequisites for setting up new plants. It further outlines strategic recommendations to ensure effective implementation and scalability of Bio-CNG plants, ultimately contributing to circular economy goals and reducing the carbon footprint of urban waste management systems.